Accounting conceptual framework Essay Example For Students

Bookkeeping applied structure Essay Outline1 Question 1 ( A )2 Question 1 ( B )3 Question 1 ( C )4 Question 1 ( D )5 Question 2 Question 1 ( A ) There are a bunch of purposes of a bookkeeping reasonable model. The central goal of monetary depicting under this bookkeeping theoretical model is non to help heading to do judgments, or ascertain nonexempt salary and so forth ( Alexander A ; Nobes, 2007 ) However, the expectation of bookkeeping calculated model is go about as a model for puting bookkeeping measures. It go about as a rule to the Board in creating bookkeeping rules, yet is other than as an attendant to choosing bookkeeping issues which is non expressed straight in an International Accounting Standard or International Financial Reporting Standard or Interpretation. Also, orchestrating to Arnold A ; Hope the plan of calculated model is to help to chop down the impact of individual biases and political power per unit territories on bookkeeping decisions. Other than that, the purpose is to chop down expense of examination and help to choose bookkeeping contrasts. Other than that, it recognizes the subjective element that make data in financial proclamation valuable and it gives builds of capital consideration hence it help to expand the client affirmation will fix and show the monetary investigation which all data required had explain plainly. Along these lines, a bookkeeping calculated model boss purpose is to direct the measure printers when they are forming or amending bookkeeping basis. ( Alexander A ; Nobes, 2007 ) hypertext move convention:/www.accaglobal.com/chronicle/sa_oldarticles/13202 hypertext move convention:/www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm Question 1 ( B ) One of the element is importance, the data in the IASB model must be applicable to it point with the goal that the data would be utile to the client. This is on the grounds that ; the data in the model is to help the clients to improve monetary judgments. By providing significance data to be determined sheet and salary proclamation, the clients could gauge the base on balls and these days or future occasions of verifying or redressing their base on balls rating dependent on the future net hard cash influxs. For delineation, the data would be out of day of the month because of it printing one time a twelvemonth, along these lines the constancy of the data would be delayed down and it would affect the clients or financial specialist assurance. Other so pertinence, trustworthiness is other than need in the IASB Framework. All together for the data to be utile the data must be reliable and must be feasible for client to rely upon it to improve assurance. It must be liberated from error and partiality and must be dedicated portrayal of the genuine universe financial marvels. This is on the grounds that to keep away from the clients of monetary explanation being deluded by the substance of the announcement, for example, managing, resources and liabilities ought to be appeared in such way as to represent each piece great as conceivable what underlies them. For outline, a monetary record ought to non demo a point under the header of risk except if it meets the meaning of an obligation. Along these lines, so as to be unwavering portrayal it requires culmination, non subjecting substance to compose, and lack of bias. Furthermore, a dependable portrayal of a managing is just conceivable if the minutess and different occasions are represented an introduced in fitting with their substance and monetary world non essentially their legitimate signifier. ( BPP, 2008 ) at the end of the day, it implies that on the off chance that one gathering sells of the resources for another gathering, the gross incomes papers may enter that lawful possession has been moved. In any case, if the understanding exist the gathering auctions off the in addition to and go oning luxuriating the future financial profit by the in addition to so the substance over signifier has non taken topographic point. For an outline, if a substance sold of the machine to the next gathering, and in a split second leaseback for use for the greater part of it life. Nonpartisanship should be taken topographic point all together for the data to be trustworthy. The data must free from bias if non it will follow up on the client to complete a dec isions or assurance for sometime later. On the different manus, understandability is other than one of the subjective highlights of monetary data that by and by remembered for IASB model. The data in the monetary explanation ought to be simple understandable for the interior clients and the outer client. The clients of financial proclamations are accepted to hold some worry, monetary and bookkeeping insight and ready to break down the data fairly. Blending to BPP, complex issues ought to non be kept separate from monetary explanation just because of its difficulty if is significant data. Accordingly, applicable data ought to non be barred because of it is exorbitantly mind boggling or to difficult for clients to comprehend and the model ought to remember the givens for the capablenesss of financial proclamations clients what's more the ability of monetary explanation preparers and listeners. ( IASB.ORG, 2005 ) The Cuban Missile Crisis EssayTherefore, it is worthy to go from a bookkeeping rule, if the element follow the full measure and flexibly data which is required. hypertext move convention:/www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business/True-and-Fair-Rules-Some-Australian-Observations-Setting-bookkeeping norms a few exercises from-the-.html # ixzz0g9THEAMR Question 2 There are numerous issues that are raised during the strategy of harmonization of bookkeeping rule. During the harmonization technique a few issues emerge like diverse in development, political relations, monetary framework and sociological conduct, insufficiency of solid bookkeeping and so on. One of the issues had risen is there is diverse expectation of monetary inclusion for various state. In certain states the financial goal is for income improvement evaluation while in different states their aim is for speculator dynamic. Consequently while orchestrating the bookkeeping basis this issue risen. For outline, to a great extent states like Malaysia their financial expectation is for speculator dynamic accordingly it did non sway these states a lot yet it influenced different states which their monetary goal is for income improvement evaluation. At a similar clasp, during the technique of harmonization the nationalism issues begin. A few states are reluctant to acknowledge different s state framework and supplant their ain bookkeeping mandate while a few states are careful about yielding control of their bookkeeping statute to outsiders. Plus, different issues emerge is there is various requests and insufficiency of solid bookkeeping natural structures in creating states. ( BPP, 2008 ) State like Malaysia is during the immature stage clearly is behind the standard scene methodology and insufficiency of solid autonomous bookkeeping could press for better measure of harmonization. At a similar clasp, another issue is the various requests of the huge multinationals and littler concern elements in decaying state forestall the system of harmonization emerge exorbitantly. There is different issues begin each piece great as there is distinctive client gatherings could hold various requests in various states. Various states have various considerations about their few significance. For representation, in USA the financial specialists and leaser bunches are more significance to them while in Europe they appreciate a higher net gain. ( BBP, 2008 ) . Moreover, due to there is diverse human progress in various state along these lines the other issue emerges which the target bookkeeping framework go distinctive contrasting starting with one state then onto the nex t state. In my place of position I concur with simply one bookkeeping model for all states. This is on the grounds that is will be simpler for representatives to fix the financial proclamation as there is just one way of preparing for monetary examination. Plus, it will be simpler for the examination of global financial data, as the interior clients could contrast their overall gain and their adversary. Additionally, it other than will chop down the review costs this is on the grounds that the controller could rescue cost as they do nt require to hypertext move convention:/www.echeat.com/essay.php? t=26969 Harmonization would rescue clasp and cash that is by and by spent to unite dissimilar monetary data when more than one lot of studies is required to follow with the distinctive national Torahs or example.

To what extent do David Hockney and Chuck Close adopt traditional and Dissertation

Whatever degree do David Hockney and Chuck Close embrace customary and advanced procedures in their Fine Arts practice - Dissertation Example In this way, it is imperative to see how a bit of work turns into a bit of workmanship, and to what reason that mark gives to society. One of the principal instruments that gave this narrowing of the hole between the craftsman and the crafter is the camera. Photographic workmanship is characterized by parameters that society has set so as to relegate an incentive to one photo over another. Nonetheless, individuals from varying backgrounds and with an assortment of goals have cameras and take photos, some sharing parts of imaginative nature of those taken by individuals whose work is viewed as craftsmanship. Subsequently, it is in some cases hard to make complete detachments between the individuals who utilize similar sorts of hardware and make similar sorts of work. Two specialists that can be utilized to talk about the improvement of computerized craftsmanship are Chuck Close and David Hockney. Throw Close impersonates the advanced structure, his works of art reproducing the compute rized world through careful methods that make alarming authenticity. Probably the best case of computerized craftsmanship that can be seen through the control of photographic pictures is in crafted by David Hockney. The account that is made through his type of montage he called ‘joiners’ makes an impression of cubism, the individual bits of the work making a feeling of correspondence. Characterizing Art The advanced world is where the novice has been allowed the chance to make work that is as expressive as the expert, imaginative manifestations being made with the requirement for specialized abilities, at any rate in the method of unmistakable components being placed into the works, disposed of and supplanted with easy to understand instruments. A great many people have grasped the utilization of PC advancements, implying that now nearly anybody has the ability to make craftsmanship without brushing paint, structure earth, or develop genuine structure. The virtual world is a pliant spot which reproduces the symbolism of three measurement or takes into consideration the control of components and structures. This implies not just the idea of a genuine craftsman is as opposed to a crafter has been for all time obscured, yet it implies that a significant part of the physical needs of the craftsman can be supplanted with a medium that strips away the requirement for physical aptitude, supplanting it with mentally learned abilities, the medium lessening the need to realize how to control the genuine. A computerized situation abstracts the frailty of the human stroke against the canvas and replaces it with an open door for flawlessness. Making craftsmanship in a computerized world can permit the craftsman to sidestep a portion of the dissatisfactions that can happen when the creation isn’t mirroring the vision with the goal that the aim of the work can all the more effectively and promptly come through to the watcher. Computerized workmanship can likewise permit the craftsman to take what couldn't be rendered to consummate articulation and refine it to mirror the proposed vision. At the point when the human mechanics can not make something that has the subtlety that an advanced work has, at that point the craftsman must consider to the utilization of computerized improvement to make what is imagined. The craftsman is given a more extensive number of apparatuses in which to control his looks, those devices requiring an alternate sort of specialized information that was not in past history accessible. The specialists aptitudes are important in an alternate manner, not through their skill with straightforward devices, however with their capacity to utilize regular devices of the specialized age. What will characterize the craftsman

Positive Thinking

Positive Thinking Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, If I were any better, I would be twins!He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation.Seeing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Jerry and asked him, I dont get it! You cant be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it? Jerry replied, Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept their complaining or I can point out the positive side of life. I choose the positive side of life. Yeah, right, its not that easy, I protested.Yes it is, Jerry said. Life is all about choices. When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people will affect your mood. You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood. The bottom line: Its your choice how you live life.I reflected on what Jerry said. Soon thereafter, I left the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch, but often thought about him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it. Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business: he left the back door open one morning and was held up at gunpoint by three armed robbers. While trying to open the safe, his hand, shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combination. The robbers panicked and shot him. Luckily, Jerry was found relatively quickly and rushed to the local trauma center. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released from the hospital with fragments of the bullets still in his body. I saw Jerry about six months after the accident. When I asked him how he was, he replied, If I were any better, Id be twins. Wanna see my scars?I declined to see his wounds, but did ask him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place. The first thing that went through my mind was that I should have locked the back door, Jerry replied. Then, as I lay on the floor, I remembered that I had two choices: I could choose to live, or I could choose to die. I chose to live.Werent you scared? Did you lose consciousness? I asked. Jerry continued, The paramedics were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they wheeled me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really scared. In their eyes, I read, Hes a dead man. I knew I needed to take action.What did you do? I asked.Well, there was a big, burly nurse shouting questions at me, said Jerry. She asked if I was allergic to anything. Yes, I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply I took a deep breath and yelled, Bullets! Over their laughter, I told them, I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Attitude, after all, is everything.By Francie Baltazar-SchwartzLet this really sink in- then choose how you start your day tomorrow.

Domestic Violence And Its Effects - 971 Words

â€Å"Domestic violence can happen to anyone, regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender.†(Domestic Violence. U.S.) While signs of physical abuse can be seen if the victim has visible bruises, there are other forms of domestic violence that are often missed or overlooked. Victims often live in fear and sadly many times, they fear the person they love the most. It has been proven that at least three women are killed a day by their significant other due to domestic violence, in most cases, a male is the perpetrator (Catalano). If that does not tell you anything, then I will. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional or financial and many cases may never be reported. All forms of abuse cause extreme stress to the victim that can lead to lifetime difficulties. According to Sexual Violence Victimization, â€Å"Almost one-third of women experience physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime† (7). And over 80% of women have repo rted that they have been verbally abused by their significant other (Shorey, Zucosky, Brasfield, Febres, Cornelius, Sage, and Stuart 289- 296). Roughly 4 million women a year were found to have suffered physical abuse by their boyfriend or husband (Black, Basile, Breiding, Smith, Walters, Merrick, Chen, Stevens). Sexual Assault is another form of domestic violence; over half of the victims that were raped indicated the abuser was a boyfriend or spouse, said in a National Intimate Partner and Sexual ViolenceShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violence On Domestic Violence1380 Words   |  6 Pagesobject to violence, because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent†, quoted by Mahatma Gandhi. Violence is defined as an unjust or unwarranted exertion of power or force to intentionally injure, damage, or destroy something or someone. Amongst the various types of violence, there is one in particular that has been causing an ongoing debate wi thin societies across the world; this certain type of violence is known as domestic violence. Domestic violence, alsoRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence1831 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence What effects does domestic violence have on the victim and their families? Domestic violence has a tremendous effect on people lives. It is a terrible crime and is happening each day. It is said that every 9 seconds a women is assaulted or beaten. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury in women. This crime is very common and happens to people that you may even know. â€Å"Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive and threatening behaviors that may include physical, emotionalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects879 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm. (Berry, 1998) Often when we think of domestic violence, we think of a man hitting women but there are many forms of abuse; emotional, sexual, physical and verbal abuse. Domestic violence acts can be committed by men or women, against children or adults. In our society, we are seeing more instances of domestic violence from professional athletes, toRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects913 Words   |  4 Pagesbehaviors then you have been in an abusive relationship or if you know someone who is in that type of relationship that person might the abuser or the victim. Domestic Violence is a violent confrontation between family members, a partner (boyfriend- girlfriend, spouses) involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm. Domestic Violence is not always physical like everyone think, it is also emotional, economically and coercion and threats. Many people think that when they are been beatingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects3294 Words   |  14 PagesExecutive Summary As many people know, domestic violence is a criminal act involving victims and offenders who are related to one another. Domestic Violence includes intimidation and simple, aggravated, and sexual assault. What most people may not be aware of is that domestic violence has become a national dilemma, with a crime of this type occurring every 9 seconds. Family members try to ignore what’s happening and neighbors do not want to get involved. The victim is usually helpless to understandRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects2364 Words   |  10 PagesWhat you imagined was domestic violence. The violent and extremely aggressive behavior displayed in your own home. The very place that should be your sanctuary, is turned into hell. According to the NCADV: Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotionalRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Domestic Abuse1340 Words   |  6 Pagesunderestimated, domestic abuse rips families apart every single day. Domestic violence comes in mainly five different forms, physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and economic. This violence ruins families, demoralizes the victims, and the public downplays the household terrorism that goes on every day. Generally thought of as taboo, the public belittles and humorizes domestic abuse as a way to deal with it, that avoidance must come to an end. The five forms of domestic violence are economicRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Domestic Violence995 Words   |  4 PagesIn many cases of gender violence there is a physical outburst or unwanted exertion of force. Perhaps the most salient issue which is evident through-out history as a root cause to domestic violence is poverty. Women who are unemployed and become an economic burden to their spouses, who become victims of domestic violence. The individuals in Domestic abuse situations, is battered and abuse by an intimate partner or family member. Domestic violence spreads across social class or race, it can happenRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects1023 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence is an outline of behaviors used to create authority and control over another person through fear and pressure, frequently including the threat or use of violence. There are diverse forms of domestic violence that affect men, women and children. This mistreatment happens in various forms that include physical, emotional and mental. This abuse begins as threats, then they worsen to verbal abuse and then it ends in physical violence. You may think that the physical abuse and injuriesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects1616 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Domestic Violence Domestic violence is a subject that is known about, but most often left behind. At times victims of domestic violence are not even aware that they indeed are victims. It is also common that when one does know about domestic violence, most often it is a woman that is the victim. That is not the case; there are other populations that are effected as well. When people are victims of such acts, they are more likely to develop some type of disorder as well as other issues. Although

The Conveyance of Emotion in the Writing of Zora Neale...

The Conveyance of Emotion in the Writing of Zora Neale Hurston Sharpening Her Oyster Knife: I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all. I do not belong to the sobbing school of Negrohood who hold that nature somehow has given them a lowdown dirty deal and whose feelings are all hurt about it....No, I do not weep at the world -- I am too busy sharpening my oyster knife. ___Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston kept busy sharpening her oyster knife not to prepare for any violent confrontations with white society but quite the opposite, to extract the raw materials from her own culture†¦show more content†¦Nannys explanation to Janie about her inheritance in life as a young black woman expresses a theme that Hurston returns to again and again in many of her stories, the harsh realities of black womens lives in a racist, sexist society: ...De nigger woman is de mule uh de world so fur as Ah can see. Nanny tells her that the white man dumps on the black man and he, in turn, dumps on the black woman. Nanny also enlightens Janie to the unpleasant realities of married life for black women-- the domestic and sexual violence, part of their lives that Hurston depicts honestly in her writing. Yet the humor that she employs to depict these painful situations truly does allow the protagonist here, as well as in the short stories and autobiographical writings, to go on fighting -- strong and alive. In Jump at the Sun, John Lowe reveals three ways in which this humor is utilized in Zora Neale Hurstons work: Humor is a way to convey spirit and sense of community. Laughter can be due to a strong point being made in the story. And comedy conceals the cosmic universal truths embedded in the stories (68, 77-78). Several of Hurstons pieces of writing employ these techniques most beautifully; The characters, particularly the female protagonists, are allowed to go on fighting -- sometimes scarred-- but

Into the Dark Free Essays

Into the Dark A tunnel of light paraded across the ceiling of the dark room then widened as the painted wooden door creaked open. A pitch-colored shadow briskly swept across the Invading gleam then without a moments hesitation disappeared Into the swallowing blackness of the small room. A small girl asleep In her princess pink canopy bed was awoken by the loud sound of heavy breathing. We will write a custom essay sample on Into the Dark or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dog like pant sent a furious chill down her spine, slowly streaking throughout her bones Like tiny pins and needles. Her heart pounded with the heavy beat of a base drum. As she looked up her dark eyes filled with fear. She slammed her eyes shut convinced that It was her Imagination and burled her face into her fluffy, soft, cased pillow, determined to shut out the constant nagging of a disembodied voice. Harshly whispering,it said, â€Å"Come with me, come with me Elena,† The voice retreated to the back of her mind. â€Å"l mean you no harm. † She slowly opened her dry mouth to say something but the words wouldn’t come out. â€Å"The clock has almost run out† whispered the snake like voice. â€Å"Just jump off the bed, I’m in your head but I won’t hurt you. â€Å"Yeah right! Yelled Elena, â€Å"l should Just Jump off my bed for no reason! † â€Å"Just jump,† said the now soothing voice of someone else. Elena knew it was a trick but before she could resist she closed her eyes shut and Jumped. Instead of hitting the floor she kept falling. She snapped her eyes open and didn’t quite proces s what she saw. Darkness rushed past her then opened into a new scene. Bright rays of glittering light streamed through the air coming from an unknown source. Dark grey rock pillars protruded from thin air in unruly shapes and formations. Elena didn’t know whether to be scared or in awe of the beauty. Welcome to my world† whispered the voice In a hushed tone â€Å"Oh goody. † said Elena In her most sarcastic voice,’The snake Is back! † Her voice cracked on the last word for she was still in shock. Frustrated about the embarrassing stutter, she tried to run but found herself moving faster than anyone could sprint. She was flying. A robin’s egg blue cloud burst out from behind one of the stone pillars causing Elena to to a double back In shock of TLS brightness and vibrancy. When she looked closer she saw that the cloud was not in fact a weird looking, unusually colored luster of evaporated water, but a giant wave of beautiful blue settlers jays. One bird landed on her. It opened up its mouth. Instead of letting out the beautiful song that she was expecting, it started screeching, â€Å"BEEP BEEP BEEP BEEP†. The dark room then widened as the painted wooden door creaked open. A pitch- colored shadow briskly swept across the invading gleam then without a moments hesitation disappeared into the swallowing blackness of the small room. The lights flicked on and her mom said â€Å"Get out of bed you’re going to miss the bus! â€Å" How to cite Into the Dark, Papers

Looking for Ali Brandi Essay- Sanya Dua Essays -

Looking for Ali Brandi Essay- Sanya Dua Malinda Marchetta's Looking for Alibrandi (1992) engages its teenage audience in Josephine's journey to maturation where she endures issues that are still relevant today. Through this the protagonist acknowledges how appearances can be deceiving. Also, she realizes the importance of inherited culture and the complexity of relationships. The text demonstrates that change is an integral part of growing up. Through the experiences of her protagonist Josephine's journey to maturation , Marchetta explores the enduring I dea that appearances don't always equate to reality which connects with the contemporary audience . John Barton appears to be popular', good looking' and possibly have everything in life' but Josephine realises that John faces family pressure and expectations to keep winning' and keep being the best' where the repetition of keep' reinforces the pressure from his family. Yet John reveals that his life is shit' and that he doesn't want to live anymore', a view that sharply juxtaposes with the one he outwardly projects. As Josephine matures she realises that in contrast to the reality of John's situation that she is "the luckiest person in the world' and "felt guilty" for misinterpreting his situation, and exaggerating her own problems. This demonstrates that sometimes keeping up with appearances creates conflict with family members. This can also be seen with Nona who always creates an idealistic image of herself where in reality the truth is completely the opposite as Josephine realises after Christiana's birthday wher e she emotively declares, " You -are-a-liarYou trained us to be respectful so pe ople would think we were perfect." Marchetta e ngages the responders through the complex nature of intercultural relations and the expectations of maintaining inherited culture relevant to a growing multicultural society. I nitially she experiences difficulty reconciling her Italian heritage with Australian values. Josephine is confronted with cultural expectations dictated by her Nonna which negatively affects her potential relationships, as seen through cumulative listing where she dismisses Jacob as a potential partner , '[he's]not going to be a solicitor' and is not Italian'. Her cultural difference is seen again when Jacob says I'v e never gone out with an ethnic girl" to which Josephine replies "don't you dare call me an ethnic girl. This is my country". Josephine struggles within school as she is culturally different, she m ust cope with derogatory labels such as wog' and new Australian' as she tries to find her identity. The protagonist is always pressured by her grandmot her with rules and regulations' such as she will get raped' if she goes out alone and therefore she struggles socially due to these demands her culture and family have as she is not allowed to go out like her friends are. This pressure is further demonstrated when her grandmother states in a sarcastic tone that " she's going to grow up, marry an Australian and her children will eat fish and chips". As she gains confidence and matures Josephine finds a balance between her two cultural influences, " No you can't hate what you're a part of. it will always be a part of me till the day I die". Marchetta explores the complex nature of famil y relationships that can characterize the lives of teenagers. Josephine has a challenging and distant relationship with her father as indicated when she shouts at him in a spiteful tone Only people close to me call me Josie'. Her disappointment and feelings of frustration are inferred from her angry tone " Don't you mock me' or make fun of the way I feel about my mother." The social expectation of emotional connection and care between parent and child is replaced by Josephine's lack of trust and respect for her father as she didactically declares that she doesn't want him near her'. Interestingly Josie is eventually able to reconcile her feelings and her early promise to keep out of' her father's life is later contrasted with he's ultra cool' and I feel like I am Michael ... Andretti's daughter'. Christina has a challenging relationship with her mother founded on the shame she feels about Josie's ill egitimacy this is denoted when Nonna is constantly interfering and criticizing Christina's life reinforcing that she